India, a land of timeless traditions, has long been a guardian of ancient wisdom, preserving knowledge through the delicate strokes of scribes. Long before paper, stories, scriptures, and celestial insights found their way onto nature’s own pages—palm leaves in the south and Bhurjapatra in the north.

In the shadow of the Himalayas, the bark of the birch tree—Bhurjapatra—was carefully peeled, inscribed with pointed tools, and rolled into scrolls, holding the secrets of scholars and kings. Meanwhile, in the lush lands of Kerala, palm leaves were dried, polished, and etched with a stylus called Narayam, their letters whispering tales of devotion, art, and astrology.

Threaded together like delicate strands of history, these manuscripts became more than just records—they became bridges between the past and the present, ensuring that wisdom never fades but instead finds new voices across generations.

What Are Palm-Leaf Manuscripts?

Long before paper was invented, knowledge was carefully documented on palm leaves. In Kerala, these manuscripts, known as Thali-Ola Granthas, were commonly found in hermitages, royal courts, artistic circles, astrological studies, and temples. Instead of using ink, scribes etched text onto the leaves with a sharp iron stylus called Narayam. Some Narayams were even made from silver or gold, emphasizing their cultural and historical importance.

The Fragile Beauty of Palm-Leaf Manuscripts

While these manuscripts have survived for centuries, they are incredibly delicate and require special care. Over time, many have become brittle, discolored, or damaged due to natural aging and environmental factors. Some common challenges include:

• Cracks and Breakage – Climate fluctuations cause the leaves to dry out and crack.
• Sticky Residue – Frequent application of citronella or camphor oil, used to maintain flexibility, results in dust accumulation and a sticky texture.
• Insect Damage – Tiny insects burrow through the manuscripts, slowly eroding the text.

Why Preservation Matters 

These manuscripts hold centuries of wisdom, covering religious scriptures, philosophical works, scientific discoveries, and artistic traditions. Without proper conservation, we risk losing priceless knowledge forever. Protecting them ensures that future generations can continue to learn from these invaluable sources.

Steps to Preserve Palm-Leaf Manuscripts

1. Documentation – Each manuscript is carefully recorded, with details about its script, condition, and historical importance.
2. Cleaning and Treatment – Dust and oil residues are removed using safe conservation methods.
3. Climate Control – Storing manuscripts in stable environments prevents damage caused by humidity and temperature fluctuations.
4. Digitization – Many institutions are scanning and digitizing manuscripts, ensuring that this knowledge is preserved for posterity.

A Call to Preserve Our Heritage

The Kumaranalloor Devi Temple in Kottayam, Kerala, has launched a significant initiative to preserve ancient palm-leaf manuscripts. By adopting modern conservation techniques, the temple management is ensuring their longevity while also establishing a museum and study center under the guidance of Dr. S. Rajendu (Indian Council of Historical Research). The center offers classes on Vattezhuthu, the traditional script used in these manuscripts. This remarkable effort not only safeguards these historical treasures but also keeps their timeless wisdom alive for future generations.

Let’s cherish and protect our heritage!

Photos captured for Veena Murali Decors at Sevadhi Museum & Indological Research Institute, Kumaranalloor Ooranma Devaswom, Kottayam, Kerala